Type 1 Diabetes Complications

Managing type 1 diabetes effectively is vital because uncontrolled blood sugar over time can lead to serious health complications. With good care, many of these risks can be reduced or delayed.

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What are short term complications?

• Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar): Can occur if too much insulin is taken, meals are skipped, or during intense exercise. Symptoms include shakiness, sweating, dizziness, and confusion. Severe cases may lead to unconsciousness.

• Hyperglycemia (High Blood Sugar): Caused by too little insulin, illness, or eating more carbohydrates than expected. If untreated, it may progress to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

• Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA): A life-threatening condition when the body breaks down fat too quickly, leading to a dangerous buildup of acids (ketones) in the blood.

What are long term complications?

Long-term complications usually develop gradually when blood sugar levels remain high for years. These include:

• Heart and Blood Vessel Disease: Increased risk of heart attack, stroke, and high blood pressure.

• Nerve Damage (Neuropathy): Tingling, numbness, or pain in hands and feet. Can also affect digestion and other body functions.

• Kidney Damage (Nephropathy): May lead to chronic kidney disease or kidney failure.

• Eye Damage (Retinopathy): Can cause vision problems and even blindness if untreated.

• Foot Problems: Poor blood flow and nerve damage may lead to slow healing, infections, or ulcers.

• Skin and Oral Issues: Higher risk of skin infections, gum disease, and other dental problems.